{ "schema_version": "1.0.0", "dataset": "paychina-public-payment-route-evidence", "url": "https://usepaychina.com/evidence/v1/mw-cn.json", "human_landing_url": "https://usepaychina.com/routes/", "comparison_url": "https://usepaychina.com/", "human_research_pages": { "en": "https://usepaychina.com/research/malawi-china/", "zh-CN": "https://usepaychina.com/zh/research/malawi-china/" }, "navigation_note": "Structured evidence for automated analysis; ordinary visitors should use human_landing_url. Detailed human-readable citations live in human_research_pages.", "scope": { "corridor": "MW-CN", "origin_country_iso2": "MW", "destination_country_iso2": "CN", "origin_currency": "MWK", "receipt_currencies": [ "CNY", "USD" ] }, "research_snapshot_as_of": "2026-10-07", "disclaimer": "Evidence summary and researched source pointers, NOT an executable FX quote, verified payment eligibility, or an all-in transfer cost.", "source_policy": { "primary_document_not_equal_to_bank_execution": true, "macro_trade_statistics_not_transaction_fees": true, "no_imputed_missing_fee_components": true, "partial_included_costs_are_not_complete_total": true, "reference_ranking_not_verified_cheapest": true, "multi_source_not_necessarily_independent": true, "public_data_only": true }, "routes": [ { "id": "nbs-outbound-tt", "title": "NBS Bank — Foreign Telegraphic Transfer", "type": "Bank / SWIFT", "human_landing_url": "https://usepaychina.com/routes/", "detailed_research_url": "https://usepaychina.com/research/malawi-china/nbs-bank/", "research_status": "FEE VERIFIED / DATED OFFICIAL TT SELL PARSED / FIRM QUOTE REQUIRED", "published_fee_description": "TT commission 2.0%; min MWK 20,000; max MWK 36,000. NBS publishes daily FX rate files.", "published_fx_description": "Bank TT sell rate; firm Treasury quote recommended above USD 10,000", "payment_timing_description": "Not publicly guaranteed", "rankable": false, "included_cost_reference_ranking_available": true, "included_cost_ranking_is_complete": false, "reason_not_rankable": "A dated official NBS USD TT SELL observation from 6 Oct 2026 was parsed and independently checked in the Preview ingestion pipeline. It is an indicative dated quote, not a currently executable NBS company-specific rate. Correspondent-bank charges, receiving-bank costs and conditions required for an end-to-end Malawi-to-China quote remain unverified.", "missing_components": [ "current executable NBS customer TT SELL or Treasury firm quote for the amount and settlement currency", "SWIFT/correspondent deductions if any", "China-side receiving/FX cost where applicable" ], "sources": [ { "title": "NBS Bank", "url": "https://nbs.mw/download/6-oct-2026/" }, { "title": "SWIFT / Correspondent Banking", "url": "https://www.swift.com/" } ], "evidence_tier": "published_website_research_requires_transaction_specific_verification", "executable_quote": false, "end_to_end_verified": false }, { "id": "nbm-documentary-collection", "title": "National Bank of Malawi — Documentary Collection", "type": "Trade finance", "human_landing_url": "https://usepaychina.com/routes/", "detailed_research_url": "https://usepaychina.com/research/malawi-china/", "research_status": "VERIFIED", "published_fee_description": "1% commission (min MWK 20,000; max MWK 39,500) + SWIFT MWK 30,500 + stamp duty 0.4%", "published_fx_description": "Foreign currency arranged by bank subject to exchange-control requirements", "payment_timing_description": "Depends on collection terms and correspondent banks", "rankable": false, "included_cost_reference_ranking_available": false, "included_cost_ranking_is_complete": false, "reason_not_rankable": "Trade-finance route; total cost depends on FX and correspondent settlement.", "missing_components": [], "sources": [ { "title": "National Bank of Malawi", "url": "https://www.natbank.co.mw/corporate/international-trade/344-documentary-collections" } ], "evidence_tier": "published_website_research_requires_transaction_specific_verification", "executable_quote": false, "end_to_end_verified": false }, { "id": "nbm-letter-of-credit", "title": "National Bank of Malawi — Letter of Credit", "type": "Trade finance / LC", "human_landing_url": "https://usepaychina.com/routes/", "detailed_research_url": "https://usepaychina.com/research/malawi-china/", "research_status": "VERIFIED", "published_fee_description": "Cash-up-front commission 0.75% per 3 months (min MWK 28,600) + SWIFT MWK 41,650", "published_fx_description": "Bank-arranged FX", "payment_timing_description": "Depends on LC terms", "rankable": false, "included_cost_reference_ranking_available": false, "included_cost_ranking_is_complete": false, "reason_not_rankable": "Not directly comparable with a simple wire; includes trade-risk protection.", "missing_components": [], "sources": [ { "title": "National Bank of Malawi", "url": "https://www.natbank.co.mw/corporate/international-trade" } ], "evidence_tier": "published_website_research_requires_transaction_specific_verification", "executable_quote": false, "end_to_end_verified": false }, { "id": "standard-bank-outbound", "title": "Standard Bank Malawi — International Payment", "type": "Bank / SWIFT", "human_landing_url": "https://usepaychina.com/routes/", "detailed_research_url": "https://usepaychina.com/research/malawi-china/standard-bank/", "research_status": "FEE VERIFIED / CORPORATE FX QUOTE REQUIRED", "published_fee_description": "Foreign Transfer Outward: 1.2% capped at MWK 65,000 + MWK 49,704 SWIFT; published corporate channel supports indicative online or negotiated FX.", "published_fx_description": "Indicative online rate or negotiated Global Markets rate", "payment_timing_description": "International/SWIFT processing available; end-to-end China credit time not publicly guaranteed", "rankable": false, "included_cost_reference_ranking_available": true, "included_cost_ranking_is_complete": false, "reason_not_rankable": "Outward Telegraphic Transfers are documented by Standard Bank Malawi for import payments, but require a bank account, application letter and supporting trade invoice, and are subject to Exchange Control Approval. Live customer-specific FX, correspondent deductions and China receiving costs are not publicly established.", "missing_components": [ "current Standard Bank FX quote", "correspondent-bank deductions", "China-side receiving/FX cost if invoice is in CNY" ], "sources": [ { "title": "Standard Bank Malawi", "url": "https://www.standardbank.co.mw/malawi/business/products-and-services/bank-with-us/trade/telegraphic-transfers" }, { "title": "SWIFT / Correspondent Banking", "url": "https://www.swift.com/" }, { "title": "Standard Bank Malawi — 2026 Fees & Commissions", "url": "https://www.standardbank.co.mw/static_file/Malawi/Downloadable%20files/Revised%20Fees%20%26%20Commissions%202026.pdf" } ], "evidence_tier": "published_website_research_requires_transaction_specific_verification", "executable_quote": false, "end_to_end_verified": false }, { "id": "standard-bank-cips-watch", "title": "Standard Bank / CIPS RMB route", "type": "RMB rail", "human_landing_url": "https://usepaychina.com/routes/", "detailed_research_url": "https://usepaychina.com/research/malawi-china/", "research_status": "WATCH", "published_fee_description": "Not yet publicly priced for Malawi", "published_fx_description": "Potential direct RMB settlement", "payment_timing_description": "To be confirmed", "rankable": false, "included_cost_reference_ranking_available": false, "included_cost_ranking_is_complete": false, "reason_not_rankable": "Banking Association of Malawi said CIPS service was live in South Africa and would be extended to Malawi; public confirmation of Malawi launch/pricing not found in this research pass.", "missing_components": [], "sources": [ { "title": "Standard Bank Malawi", "url": "https://www.standardbank.co.mw/" }, { "title": "CIPS", "url": "https://www.cips.com.cn/en/index/index.html" } ], "evidence_tier": "published_website_research_requires_transaction_specific_verification", "executable_quote": false, "end_to_end_verified": false }, { "id": "wise-cny-business", "title": "Wise — CNY to China Business", "type": "PSP", "human_landing_url": "https://usepaychina.com/routes/", "detailed_research_url": "https://usepaychina.com/research/malawi-china/", "research_status": "ROUTE SUPPORTED / MALAWI BUSINESS ONBOARDING CHECK", "published_fee_description": "Wise supports CNY payouts to mainland-China business accounts at CIPS member banks; live quote required", "published_fx_description": "Wise uses its quoted conversion rate; recipient receives CNY", "payment_timing_description": "Usually 1–2 working days after Wise receives/converts funds", "rankable": false, "included_cost_reference_ranking_available": false, "included_cost_ranking_is_complete": false, "reason_not_rankable": "China payout rail is supported, but Malawi entity onboarding/funding and live pricing still need a real-account check.", "missing_components": [ "whether a new Malawi-registered business can complete Wise Business onboarding", "available funding method from MWK", "live Wise quote for the actual transaction" ], "sources": [ { "title": "Wise", "url": "https://wise.com/help/articles/5ndADC6KmFdLDyaLq5kI64/how-to-send-cny-for-china-businesses" } ], "evidence_tier": "published_website_research_requires_transaction_specific_verification", "executable_quote": false, "end_to_end_verified": false }, { "id": "xtransfer-mwk-watch", "title": "XTransfer — local MWK collection", "type": "PSP", "human_landing_url": "https://usepaychina.com/routes/", "detailed_research_url": "https://usepaychina.com/research/malawi-china/", "research_status": "NOT FOUND", "published_fee_description": "No MWK local-collection rail found", "published_fx_description": "N/A", "payment_timing_description": "N/A", "rankable": false, "included_cost_reference_ranking_available": false, "included_cost_ranking_is_complete": false, "reason_not_rankable": "XTransfer's published local-collection lists include several African currencies but not MWK/Malawi.", "missing_components": [], "sources": [ { "title": "XTransfer", "url": "https://www.xtransfer.com/help/zh/menu/faq00200015" } ], "evidence_tier": "published_website_research_requires_transaction_specific_verification", "executable_quote": false, "end_to_end_verified": false }, { "id": "yellow-card-xerof-watch", "title": "Yellow Card → USDC (ERC-20) → XEROF → China bank", "type": "Digital settlement / stablecoin", "human_landing_url": "https://usepaychina.com/routes/", "detailed_research_url": "https://usepaychina.com/research/malawi-china/yellow-card-xerof/", "research_status": "COMPONENTS VERIFIED / END-TO-END ELIGIBILITY CHECK", "published_fee_description": "Yellow Card Malawi bank collection: MWK 3,000 for MWK 1.2m–40m. XEROF China payout: 1.00% brokerage (min USD 200) + 0.25% third-party + USD 50 fiat withdrawal.", "published_fx_description": "Stablecoin conversion uses tier-1 liquidity passed through at cost; China CNY payout/settlement is quoted per payment", "payment_timing_description": "Yellow Card Malawi bank collection: 24–48h; end-to-end China payout ETA not yet verified", "rankable": false, "included_cost_reference_ranking_available": true, "included_cost_ranking_is_complete": false, "reason_not_rankable": "The individual components are real and priced, but Malawi-company end-to-end eligibility and the live conversion/network quotes are not yet verified.", "missing_components": [ "Yellow Card live MWK→USDC quote/spread", "Yellow Card external stablecoin send network fee quote", "confirmation that a Malawi-incorporated company is accepted by XEROF and may lawfully use the service from Malawi", "XEROF China CNY payout/settlement quote for the actual payment" ], "sources": [ { "title": "Yellow Card", "url": "https://help.yellowcard.io/articles/8792393400-supported-payment-methods-and-associated-fees-for-yellowcard-s-payment-api" }, { "title": "XEROF", "url": "https://xerof.com/payouts/china" } ], "evidence_tier": "published_website_research_requires_transaction_specific_verification", "executable_quote": false, "end_to_end_verified": false } ], "external_source_catalog": [ { "id": "ecb-eurofxref", "jurisdiction": "EU", "name": "European Central Bank euro foreign exchange reference rates", "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml", "category": "market_reference", "ingestion": "automated_crosscheck_pilot", "scope": "Official EUR/USD and EUR/CNY reference, from which USD/CNY benchmark may be derived.", "limitations": "Reference only; not executable bank FX or evidence of transfer eligibility.", "evidence_class": "official" }, { "id": "rbm-market", "jurisdiction": "MW", "name": "Reserve Bank of Malawi", "url": "https://www.rbm.mw/", "category": "market_context", "ingestion": "candidate_not_connected", "scope": "Monetary and exchange-market context.", "limitations": "Macro rate indicators cannot replace bank-specific TT sell quotes.", "evidence_class": "official" }, { "id": "nbs-fees", "jurisdiction": "MW", "name": "NBS Bank", "url": "https://nbs.mw/tariffs/", "category": "provider_terms", "ingestion": "fingerprint_monitor_only", "scope": "Published service tariffs where confirmed.", "limitations": "A changed page hash does not verify a numeric fee or actual customer quote.", "evidence_class": "provider" }, { "id": "cfets-rmb", "jurisdiction": "CN", "name": "China Foreign Exchange Trade System", "url": "https://www.chinamoney.com.cn/english/bmkcpr/index.html?tab=2", "category": "market_reference", "ingestion": "fingerprint_monitor_only", "scope": "Official central parity publication page monitored for accessibility/source changes; separate announcement parser is test-ready.", "limitations": "Current protected data endpoints block unattended official numeric ingestion; website HTML fingerprints are not proof of today's central parity or executable bank pricing. CFETS institutional CMDS API access is application/contract based, not an unrestricted public interface.", "evidence_class": "official" }, { "id": "gacc-trade", "jurisdiction": "CN", "name": "General Administration of Customs of China", "url": "https://english.customs.gov.cn/statics/report/monthly.html", "category": "trade_statistics", "ingestion": "candidate_not_connected", "scope": "China's monthly trade data by partner country, when available.", "limitations": "Goods trade value cannot determine bank fees, transfer counts or transaction settlement currency.", "evidence_class": "official" }, { "id": "cips-participants", "jurisdiction": "CN", "name": "Cross-Border Interbank Payment System", "url": "https://www.cips.com.cn/en/index/index.html", "category": "rail_network", "ingestion": "candidate_not_connected", "scope": "RMB clearing infrastructure and participants.", "limitations": "Group membership does not prove Malawi client product access or pricing.", "evidence_class": "official" }, { "id": "bis-correspondent", "jurisdiction": "GLOBAL", "name": "BIS Committee on Payment and Market Infrastructures", "url": "https://www.bis.org/committees/cpmi/payment", "category": "correspondent_context", "ingestion": "candidate_not_connected", "scope": "Cross-border correspondent and financial market infrastructure statistics.", "limitations": "Aggregates cannot reveal any particular bank's end-to-end fee or delivery outcome.", "evidence_class": "official" }, { "id": "cdh-official-bank-tt", "jurisdiction": "MW", "name": "CDH Investment Bank Malawi published indicative TT rates", "url": "https://cdh-malawi.com/rates/", "category": "bank_published_fx", "ingestion": "automated_bank_indicative_pilot", "scope": "Dated published MWK per USD and CNY TT Buy/TT Sell rates, subject to parser checks.", "limitations": "Indicative only; not a firm customer quote, transfer charge, rate guarantee, or proof that a particular Malawi corporate account can send to China.", "evidence_class": "provider" }, { "id": "nbs-daily-archive", "jurisdiction": "MW", "name": "NBS Bank foreign exchange PDF archive", "url": "https://nbs.mw/download-category/foreign-exchange-rates/", "category": "bank_document_archive", "ingestion": "automated_bank_indicative_pilot", "scope": "Latest dated official NBS PDF archive with strict USD TT Sell extraction and SHA-256 provenance; only populated when all checks succeed.", "limitations": "Bank-published indicative TT rates are not firm quotes, availability guarantees or complete supplier payment costs; scraping/parsing failures leave latest verified observation unchanged.", "evidence_class": "provider" }, { "id": "safe-official-rmb-central-parity", "jurisdiction": "CN", "name": "State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) – official RMB central parity reproduction", "url": "https://www.safe.gov.cn/safe/rmbhlzjj/index.html", "category": "market_reference", "ingestion": "candidate_not_connected", "scope": "Chinese official source cross-check of CFETS RMB central parity, with separate publication/disclaimer and units.", "limitations": "Published SAFE view embeds external content and includes mixed direct/indirect quote conventions. No independently tested machine feed; do not imply verified live ingestion or permission for redistribution.", "evidence_class": "official" }, { "id": "standard-bank-malawi-2026-fees", "jurisdiction": "MW", "name": "Standard Bank Malawi — 2026 Fees & Commissions", "url": "https://www.standardbank.co.mw/static_file/Malawi/Downloadable%20files/Revised%20Fees%20%26%20Commissions%202026.pdf", "category": "provider_terms", "ingestion": "candidate_not_connected", "scope": "2026 published outward Foreign Transfer fee schedule, including 1.2% capped MWK 65,000 and MWK 49,704 SWIFT charge.", "limitations": "Published tariff is not an executable corporate FX quote and does not establish correspondent deductions, VAT applicability for every account or China receiving-bank costs.", "evidence_class": "provider" }, { "id": "standard-bank-malawi-tt-eligibility", "jurisdiction": "MW", "name": "Standard Bank Malawi — Telegraphic Transfers terms", "url": "https://www.standardbank.co.mw/malawi/business/products-and-services/bank-with-us/trade/telegraphic-transfers", "category": "provider_terms", "ingestion": "candidate_not_connected", "scope": "Outward TT supports import payments for Standard Bank account holders, subject to application letter, proforma invoice and applicable Exchange Control Approval.", "limitations": "General service publication is not proof of a particular importer's individual account approval, settlement bank availability, actual fee or credit time.", "evidence_class": "provider" } ], "private_user_data_included": false }